Una pseudo-clase es un selector que sirve para dar un aspecto al elemento con respecto a su estado.
Algunas Pseudo-clases pueden ser:
:link
:visited
:active
:hover
:focus
:target
:empty
:enabled
:disabled
:checked
:nth-child(n)
:nth-last-child(n)
:nth-of-type(n)
:nth-last-of-type(n)
:first-child
:first-of-type
:last-of-type
:only-child
:only-of-type
:root
:lang(x)
:not(s)